Editorial
Environmental & Green Materials
Ashutosh Tiwari
Abstract
The article commemorates the 15th anniversary of the International Association of Advanced Materials (IAAM), highlighting its pivotal role in advancing materials science, engineering, and technology. It outlines IAAM's journey towards integrating with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, ...
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The article commemorates the 15th anniversary of the International Association of Advanced Materials (IAAM), highlighting its pivotal role in advancing materials science, engineering, and technology. It outlines IAAM's journey towards integrating with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, European Green Deal and its leadership in establishing Net-Zero Research and Development World Links. The focus is on IAAM's vision, mission, organizational structure, and the diverse memberships that contribute to its global excellence. The article explores the significant contributions of IAAM members and fellows, emphasizing their role in propelling advancements in materials science and technology. Further, it discusses IAAM's critical function in promoting research and education, detailing its involvement in various institutes, events, consortiums, and the recognition it extends through prestigious awards. The article also showcases IAAM's impressive publication portfolio, reflecting its commitment to knowledge dissemination. As IAAM celebrates this milestone, the article reviews its historical activities and achievements, underlining its impact on shaping a sustainable and green future in the field of advanced materials.
Review Article
Composite Materials
Rahul Dev Bairwan; Esam Bashir Yahya; Deepu Gopakumar; Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is the most promising and appropriate microbial biopolymer as a replacement for conventional petroleum-based non-biodegradable polymers, due to its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, it has a few limitations that prevent it from ...
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Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is the most promising and appropriate microbial biopolymer as a replacement for conventional petroleum-based non-biodegradable polymers, due to its excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility. However, it has a few limitations that prevent it from being used commercially, including low mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, poor thermal and electrical properties, difficult processing, and high cost. Recent researches has shown that it is the most promising natural biopolymer, particularly for packaging. To use PHBV in biocomposites, methods of compensating for PHBV's shortcomings, such as adding fillers, more cost-effective and efficient production methods, or alternative PHBV sources, must be developed. Numerous researchers are looking into ways to improve characteristics and lower prices by developing biocomposites to address environmental safety concerns with PHBV, developing and discovering more affordable biological PHBV production methods, discovering new microbial strains or strain combinations, or developing less expensive PHBV extraction methods. The current review provides a detailed description of the studies conducted to improve the properties of PHBV as biocomposites by employing less expensive yet efficient reinforcements, particularly for food packaging applications. Furthermore, nanocellulose can be studied further as a PHBV biocomposites enhancement to improve properties and functionalities from various optimal sources in order to produce fully degradable bionanocomposites for sustainable packaging applications.
Review Article
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology
Kasturee Hajra; Dipak Maity; Sumit Saha
Abstract
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (MONPs) have become an important section of nanoparticles, and these nanomaterials have been utilized in different application fields. Thus, it’s very important to understand the major and feasible synthesis methods that are involved during the production of MONPs. In ...
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Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (MONPs) have become an important section of nanoparticles, and these nanomaterials have been utilized in different application fields. Thus, it’s very important to understand the major and feasible synthesis methods that are involved during the production of MONPs. In our review, we are highlighting some major processes for their synthesis and morphology. This review highlights the status, potential, challenges, and feasibility of different processes like sol-gel, CVD, thermal, flame spray, biological synthesis, and other major techniques to synthesize and their applications. Synthesis of nanomaterial through environmentally friendly and greener routes, which greatly impacts different applications, has also been studied as it has received massive attention as a sustainable, feasible, reliable, and cost-effective route in different fields. These artificially created MONPs exhibit distinct physical and chemical characteristics owing to their substantial surface area and nanoscale dimensions. Their exceptional size, shape, and structure further influence their reactivity, resilience, and diverse properties. Thanks to these attributes, they find wide-ranging uses in commercial and domestic applications, such as catalysis, antimicrobial treatments, bio-sensors, electro-sensors, as well as agriculture and various other significant fields. This review paper states major applications of these MONPs have great aspects and potential in the future and will help researchers gain further insights into these fields.
Research Article
Computational Materials and Modelling
Dhayalan R
Abstract
The generation and detection of multi-mode Lamb or plate waves in thin aluminum plate materials using Meander coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) is presented in this paper. EMAT works under the Lorentz force principle in non-magnetic materials. The generation of lower order or fundamental ...
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The generation and detection of multi-mode Lamb or plate waves in thin aluminum plate materials using Meander coil electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMAT) is presented in this paper. EMAT works under the Lorentz force principle in non-magnetic materials. The generation of lower order or fundamental Lamb waves (S0 and A0) has been performed in both finite element (FE) simulations and experimental measurements. This paper is divided into three parts; first 2-D electromagnetic simulation model has been created for the Lorentz force calculation which is coupled by the induced or eddy current inside the material and the applied static magnetic field. The Lorentz force causes the vibration of sound waves inside the aluminum material. Second, the calculated Lorentz force densities are utilized as input sources for the generation of transient ultrasonic waves within the aluminum material. Third, the multimode Lamb waves (S0 and A0) have been excited with two different coil spacing EMATs and compared with experimental measurements. The interaction of multimode Lamb waves with an artificially created notch has also been analyzed and compared for both experiments and FE simulations. It has been observed that the simulation results agreed very well with the experimental measurements.
Research Article
Material Analysis
Amin Hemmati Yadkuri; Ardeshir Shokrollahi; Habibollah Khajehsharifi
Abstract
Scanometric method has been attended for the study and determination of different analytes. This method coupled with preconcentration methods for improvement the detection limit and applied for the determination of Nile blue and Rhodamine B in binary systems.In this work cloud point extraction-scanometry ...
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Scanometric method has been attended for the study and determination of different analytes. This method coupled with preconcentration methods for improvement the detection limit and applied for the determination of Nile blue and Rhodamine B in binary systems.In this work cloud point extraction-scanometry (CPE-SC) method was used for preconcentration, simultaneous separation and determination of trace amounts of the rhodamine B (RhB) and Nile blue A (NBA) in aqueous solutions. Some of the advantages of this method are simplicity, cheapness, novelty, rapidity, sensitivity, and safety. Analysis of images obtained from the solution scanning after cloud point extraction of the cited dyes and dilution with proper solvent is done using the RGB program in Visual Basic 6 (VB 6) media. Using three red, green, and blue factors, the RhB and NBA contents were investigated in the aqueous solution. Detection limits of the determination of these dyes were acceptable, and their values were 0.002 and 0.008 µg/mL for NBA and RhB, respectively. The linear ranges of the mentioned method for determining Nile blue A and rhodamine B are 0.01–1.33 µg/mL and 0.01–1.00 µg/mL, respectively.
Review Article
Environmental & Green Materials
Surya Narayan Singh Gautam; Sushil Kumar; Sneha Gupta; Saurabh Kumar
Abstract
Organic compounds, alcohols, ammonia, nitrates, phosphorous, and suspended solids are the main constituents of waste from the chemical fertilizer industry. Heavy metals are natural constituents of soils and their concentration varies depending on parental materials. In the last years, the content of ...
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Organic compounds, alcohols, ammonia, nitrates, phosphorous, and suspended solids are the main constituents of waste from the chemical fertilizer industry. Heavy metals are natural constituents of soils and their concentration varies depending on parental materials. In the last years, the content of heavy metals in soils has increased due to distribution of fertilizers waste, pesticides, industries, waste disposal. Due to these activities the life capacity of soils decreased; especially where the natural background is already high because of natural parental material richness in heavy metal. As a matter of fact it is very important to distinguish between the natural background values and anthropogenic inputs, and to understand that the background values change from area to area and with the scale of the area investigated. There is currently a wide variety of methods used to evaluate soil contamination. To evaluate the soil contamination rate Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) can be applied. This index is used to assess the presence and intensity of anthropogenic contaminant deposition on surface soil. Four soil samples collected from different location near fertilizer industry and it was investigated that many constituent present in soil specimen such as (Cd, Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb). Contaminated samples show the moderate to extreme pollution level on the basis of pollution index.Keywords: Organic substance, fertilizer waste, Heavy metals, contaminated soil, AAS.
Research Article
Material Processing
Ajay Kumar Baranwal; D P Mondal; Rajeev Kumar
Abstract
Lightweight Ni-Ti alloy foam has received immense attention as a promising material for sensors, actuators, dampers, biomedical implants, and energy absorption applications due to their outstanding properties including low density, high surface area, corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical strength. ...
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Lightweight Ni-Ti alloy foam has received immense attention as a promising material for sensors, actuators, dampers, biomedical implants, and energy absorption applications due to their outstanding properties including low density, high surface area, corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical strength. In the present study, we developed Ni (50)-Ti (50) alloy foams with varying porosities using NaCl as a space holder. The cold compacted mixture of NiTi alloy powder, NaCl granules, and 2 wt% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions are mixed uniformly in a globe box for 8 hrs. Sintering is carried out in two stages: firstly, at 900 oC for 2 hrs and then at 1100 oC for two hrs. During sintering, NaCl gets melted and removed from the foams. The Ni-Ti alloy foams exhibit an excellent compressive strength of 48 MPa at a relative density (ρrd) of 0.45. It also provides higher plateau stress, greater strain hardening effect, and larger strain recovery. Thus, the lightweight high strength Ni-Ti alloy foam is a promising material for bone implants and energy absorption applications.
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