Editorial
Abstract
Climate resilience refers to the ability of individuals, communities, ecosystems, and systems to anticipate, adapt to, and recover from the impacts of climate change. Effective water resource management must recognize the value of water and incorporate it into decision-making to align with the UN 2030 ...
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Climate resilience refers to the ability of individuals, communities, ecosystems, and systems to anticipate, adapt to, and recover from the impacts of climate change. Effective water resource management must recognize the value of water and incorporate it into decision-making to align with the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Due to rapid population growth, urbanization, and increasing water needs in livelihoods, agriculture, industry, and energy production, water demand has significantly increased. Thus, water conservation and clean water management are essential to protect human well-being. It was crucial that the IAAM's W119 Side Event at the United Nations 2023 Water Conference, New York focused on climate resilience to ensure the sustainable management of water uses and resources. The topics that were extensively discussed during the two-day side event included the effects of climate change on floods and droughts, integrated water management, nature-based solutions, the water-biodiversity nexus, technology and innovation, socioeconomics and natural disasters, international cooperation, gender and social inclusion, policy and governance, flood monitoring, and drought evaluation, among others.
Review Article
Material Processing
Sourav Singha Roy; Sriparna Sarkar; Debashis Chakraborty
Abstract
The limited availability of fossil fuels on the Earth has led researchers to develop new materials that are derived from renewable feedstocks. The polymers produced from the ROP of cyclic esters like (LA and ɛ-CL) are biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioassimilable and thus find major applications ...
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The limited availability of fossil fuels on the Earth has led researchers to develop new materials that are derived from renewable feedstocks. The polymers produced from the ROP of cyclic esters like (LA and ɛ-CL) are biodegradable, biocompatible, and bioassimilable and thus find major applications in various field. The ROP are catalyzed by the metal-based organometallic catalyst and metal-free organocatalyst. This review exemplifies the living and immortal ROP. The advantage of such polymerization is that they produce polymers with controlled molecular weight distribution. For the immortal ROP, more than one polymer chain grows from the single catalytic site in the presence of chain transfer agents (CTAs), and thus catalyst loading is low, which make the process economically more viable. The nature of CTAs and loading of CTAs with respect to the catalyst is crucial as the catalyst should be effective in the presence of CTAs. The review also discusses functionalized CTAs employed for the polymerization in some instances where functionalized polymers are generated.
Research Article
Environmental & Green Materials
Visileanu Emilia; Alexandra Gabriela Ene; Marian Catalin Grosu; Paul Tiberiu Miclea; Razvan Victor Scarlat
Abstract
This paper studies human exposure to microplastics in real-life situations. The concentration of the polyamide nano/microplastics in the proximity of textile workplaces was made by the device Laser Aerosol Spectrometer. The descriptive statistical analysis was elaborated for: variables TSC (total concentration ...
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This paper studies human exposure to microplastics in real-life situations. The concentration of the polyamide nano/microplastics in the proximity of textile workplaces was made by the device Laser Aerosol Spectrometer. The descriptive statistical analysis was elaborated for: variables TSC (total concentration µg/m3), PM10 (µg/m3), PM2.5 (µg/m3), PM1 (µg/m3) and TC (total number of particles, 1/l). The histograms of each variable highlight the asymmetry of the distribution, with the predominance of frequencies or variables; representation of level indicators (average, median) and dispersion-box-plot graphs were obtained. Collection of the particle made with TECORA-SKYPORT PM-HV and GilAirPlus pumps, by using Quartz and Nucleopore filters with different diameters highlighted that the highest mass (683µg) was collected by using GilAir Plus pump and Quartz filter 37mm. A strong correlation was obtained between the variable: "Collected mass/ Air concentration": r = 0997775 ÷ 0,999477 and "Collected mass/ Air volume", r = -0,97473 ÷ 0.80064. The prediction of the value of the collected mass as a function of the diameter of the filters, particle concentration, airflow, and total air volume was made by obtaining the regression equations. Optic microscope analyses highlighted the dimension of microfibres (50% are <10µm) and SEM the dimension: 25% < 68.47 nm and the spherical shape of particles. FT-IR, µRaman and TG-DSC analyses showed the presence of PA particles in the collected particles.
Research Article
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology
Pan Zhang; Wanchun Guo
Abstract
The noble metal nanoparticles sandwiched between the stable inorganic core and the thin polymer shell could not only enhance their stability, but also cut short the diffusion route of the outside reactants through polymer shell toward encapsulated noble metal nanoparticles, which has drawn great attention. ...
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The noble metal nanoparticles sandwiched between the stable inorganic core and the thin polymer shell could not only enhance their stability, but also cut short the diffusion route of the outside reactants through polymer shell toward encapsulated noble metal nanoparticles, which has drawn great attention. However, weak compatibility among inorganic core, polymer shell, and noble metal nanoparticles makes the preparation of noble metal-confined hybrid catalysts complicated, which limits the popular application of these noble metal-based catalysts. A facile method has developed to fabricate core-shell Fe2O3@PEDOT/Pt nanocatalyst with tiny Pt nanoparticles highly dispersed in the polymer shell by one-step simultaneous redox deposition strategy. The confinement effect and strong coordination ability of the thin sulfur-enriched polymer shell prevents the migration and agglomeration of Pt nanoparticles during the catalytic process and improves the stability of the catalyst. The catalyst shows outstanding catalytic activity and relatively good stability towards the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. The simple method solves the problem of poor compatibility between the inorganic core, the polymer shell, and the noble metal nanoparticles confined in the shell material to some extent. Furthermore, our strategy could be extended to one-step preparation of Fe2O3@Polymer@Pt hybrid materials with core-shell structure.
Research Article
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology
Arunkumar M Lahgashetty; Jayasurya K H; Swathi M; Netravati G; Leelanagalaxmi H; Chitralekha Alur; Sangappa K Ganiger
Abstract
Synthesis of nanosized materials integrates the materials synthetic technology. Nanosized bimetallic oxides constitute class materials in concerned with its applications. The present work reports the synthesis of barium stannate (BaSnO3)nanopowder by self-propagating combustion reaction using polyvinyl ...
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Synthesis of nanosized materials integrates the materials synthetic technology. Nanosized bimetallic oxides constitute class materials in concerned with its applications. The present work reports the synthesis of barium stannate (BaSnO3)nanopowder by self-propagating combustion reaction using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a fuel. Initially basic oxides barium oxide (BaO) and tin oxide (SnO2) are also prepared by combustion route. Further barium stannate-PVA nanocomposite (BaSnO3-PVA) is prepared by dispersion of BaSnO3 material into PVA matrix using solvent casting method. Structural characterization of oxide and nanocomposite was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) tool and bonding nature by Fourier transfer infrared study (FT-IR) respectively. Thermal behavior of both the sample is well studied by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Electrochemical study of the sample is carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV) instrumentation. Varied morphology and particle size of the sample was analysed through Transmission electron microscope (TEM) tool.
Research Article
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology
Ibrahim Maamoun; Omar Falyouna; Islam Mir Shariful; Ramadan Eljamal; Khaoula Bensaida; Kazuya Tanaka; Kohei Tokunaga; Osama Eljamal
Abstract
For several decades, arsenic (As) contamination of water was considered as an issue of great concern. In this study, magnesium hydroxide coated iron nanoparticles (nFe0@Mg(OH)2) were developed for enhancing arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. Several parameters were investigated, including Mg/Fe ...
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For several decades, arsenic (As) contamination of water was considered as an issue of great concern. In this study, magnesium hydroxide coated iron nanoparticles (nFe0@Mg(OH)2) were developed for enhancing arsenic removal from aqueous solutions. Several parameters were investigated, including Mg/Fe coating ratio, nFe0@Mg(OH)2 dosage, initial pH, reaction temperature, and initial As(V) concentration. The characteristics of the synthesized materials were studied using different techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Results indicated the superiority of the highest Mg/Fe coating ratio (100%) to the other lower ratios in As(V) removal, corresponding to the adsorption contribution of Mg(OH)2 coating shell. Furthermore, nFe0@Mg(OH)2-100% could efficiently achieve around 100 % final As(V) removal efficiency at wide pH and temperature ranges (3.0 – 9.0, and 25 – 75 oC), at a low dosage of 0.5 g/L, reflecting the high applicability of the proposed material. Mg(OH)2 coating enhanced the anti-aggregation effect of the magnetic nanoparticles, which was confirmed by TEM measurements. Kinetics, thermodynamic, and isotherm analyses depicted that pseudo-second-order was the best model to describe the kinetics data, the endothermic nature of the reaction, and a maximum Sips sorption capacity of 89.97 mg/g (following Sips isotherm model), respectively.
Research Article
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Kranthi Kumar M.V; Rudramadevi K
Abstract
Energy is required for life on Earth, and it is provided by the small organelles of cells called mitochondria, also referred to as the cell's powerhouses. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is grouped into several human mtDNA haplogroups, is frequently employed in population genetics to identify individuals ...
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Energy is required for life on Earth, and it is provided by the small organelles of cells called mitochondria, also referred to as the cell's powerhouses. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is grouped into several human mtDNA haplogroups, is frequently employed in population genetics to identify individuals or communities based on mutation sites found by comparison with the reference sequence (rCRS). Previous studies in various populations have connected particular mtDNA haplogroups and polymorphisms to a range of human disorders, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In addition, a number of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms have been connected to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and an elevated risk of a number of malignancies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in the Indian patients. As a result, we conducted a high-resolution assessment of the mtDNA hypervariable area in our study to trace distinct mtDNA haplogroup connections with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in south Indian communities. We discovered that mtDNA Haplogroup M was present in 60% of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and about 55% of the control samples examined. Haplogroup M is the most frequent mtDNA cluster observed in south Indian people. We further segmented macro haplogroup M and revealed sub haplogroups (M8, M7, M6, M5, M3, and M2) with variable frequencies. Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and haplogroup M5 were significantly associated, according to our research (p = 0.026). Haplogroup M5 was discovered in our study in 3.3 percent of control populations and 13% of south Indian T2DM patients. These results imply that Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is more likely to occur in haplogroup M5 individuals.
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