Review Article
Composite Materials
Lilong Pang
Abstract
The granular flow spallation target is one of the important candidates for Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Transmutation Device. However, this type of target will be faced with many important problems, one of which is the collective friction and wear of granules in the target loop. As granular flow spallation ...
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The granular flow spallation target is one of the important candidates for Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Transmutation Device. However, this type of target will be faced with many important problems, one of which is the collective friction and wear of granules in the target loop. As granular flow spallation target material, tungsten alloy balls have excellent comprehensive properties. This paper introduces some important problems in the research of the collective friction and wear of granules, as well as some obtained preliminary research results of tungsten alloy balls about collective friction and wear. At last, a perspective for the collective friction and wear of tungsten alloy balls for future research has been provided, especially the dependence of the formation of new layer on experimental conditions and the collective friction and wear behavior under irradiation conditions. It is hoped that more researchers will participate in this research field and more new discoveries to look forward to in the future.
Review Article
Computational Materials & Modelling
Aihua Zhang; Shi Qiu
Abstract
Herbal medicine (HM) is a fruitful source of chemical substances that has contributed greatly to the pharmaceutical industry and novel therapeutics. Natural products derived from HM continue to be a rich source of lead compounds because of their high structural diversity and potent bioactivities. However, ...
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Herbal medicine (HM) is a fruitful source of chemical substances that has contributed greatly to the pharmaceutical industry and novel therapeutics. Natural products derived from HM continue to be a rich source of lead compounds because of their high structural diversity and potent bioactivities. However, despite the success of active ingredients derived from HM in drug discovery, compatibility issues that make huge challenging for extended timelines of effective evaluation, chemical composition identification, active ingredient screening and target confirmation. However, some approaches solely cannot effectively elucidate the overall effect and action mechanism due to complexity muti-components of HM. Thus, integration strategies combining modern analytical techniques with HM are increasingly being developed in the era of big data and omics. The updated mass spectrometry has been used to identify natural product structure and their mode of action on biological processes. Their molecular properties are validated through the use of recent high-throughput multi-omics including transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic tools and bio-informatics, molecular docking, network pharmacology techniques that enable to accelerate natural product discovery. We summarized several important omics technical platforms and multi-omics-based integration approach as powerful strategies to demystify HM and discover new bioactive molecules.
Research Article
Composite Materials
Viktor Gribniak
Abstract
The modern industry allows producing composite materials with a broad spectrum of mechanical properties applicable in medicine, aviation, and automotive industries. However, the building industry generates a substantial part of budgets worldwide and utilizes vast material amounts. At the same time, the ...
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The modern industry allows producing composite materials with a broad spectrum of mechanical properties applicable in medicine, aviation, and automotive industries. However, the building industry generates a substantial part of budgets worldwide and utilizes vast material amounts. At the same time, the engineering practice has revealed that innovative technologies require new design concepts related to developing materials with mechanical properties tailored for structural purposes. It is the opposite of the current design philosophy when design solutions allow applying only the existing typical materials, the physical characteristics of which, in general, are imperfectly suiting the technical requirements, leading to an inefficient increase of the material amounts for safety’s sake. Moreover, some structural solutions are barely possible using standardized approaches. The “Industrialised material-oriented engineering for eco-optimized structures” research project supported by the European Regional Development Fund inspired this article’s emergence, which adapts the Award lecture at the European Advanced Material Congress 2022 in Genoa. It summarizes the project results and illustrates the implementation of the proposed adaptive design concept.
Research Article
Environmental & Green Materials
Marian Catalin Grosu; Emilia Visileanu; Alexandra Gabriela Ene; Razvan Victor Scarlat; Virgil Emanuel Marinescu
Abstract
This paper presents the polypropylene (PP) micro-nano particles (MNPs) exposure routes of textile industry personnel and analyses the characteristics of such particles collected in and outside the workplaces. A Laser Aerosol Spectrometer set was used to determine: the total suspended particles (TSP), ...
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This paper presents the polypropylene (PP) micro-nano particles (MNPs) exposure routes of textile industry personnel and analyses the characteristics of such particles collected in and outside the workplaces. A Laser Aerosol Spectrometer set was used to determine: the total suspended particles (TSP), PM10, PM2.5, PM1 fractions (µm/m3), and the total number of particles (TC) (1/l) from the air. Specific methods for descriptive statistics were used to characterize the particle populations. Mean, dispersion and standard deviation, median and quartiles, skewness and kurtosis for asymmetry, and highlighting the cases in which they should be performed were calculated. The box plots and histograms graphs for TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1, TC variables. The comparative analysis of the results led to the identification of the fraction of the particles with the highest value concentration in the air. The particles were collected on quartz and polycarbonate filters with gold membrane using TECORA and GilAirPlus pumps. The mass of particles collected was determined by weighing the filters before and after collection, using an electronic balance. Characterization of PP dust collected by analysis: Optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy, µRaman spectroscopy, FTIR, and TG-DSC allowed the identification of the shape, size, and structural footprint of PP particles.
Research Article
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology
Parvathy Bhaskar; Veena M G; Madhukar B S
Abstract
Pure and rare earth metal [cerium (Ce) and thorium (Th)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO)] nanostructures were prepared by solution combustion synthesis by making use of metal nitrates and glycine as precursors in alkaline medium. The average crystal size was examined using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) which ...
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Pure and rare earth metal [cerium (Ce) and thorium (Th)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO)] nanostructures were prepared by solution combustion synthesis by making use of metal nitrates and glycine as precursors in alkaline medium. The average crystal size was examined using Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD) which showed sizes of 45 nm for pure ZnO sample,17.9 nm and 20 nm for Ce and Th-doped ZnO samples respectively. Accordingly, the synthesized samples were confirmed to be polycrystalline from High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM / EDX) confirmed the existence of the respective components in the synthesized samples. The Ultra Violet – Visible - Near Infra-Red (UV – Vis - NIR) Spectroscopy showed the characteristic absorption spectra of the samples. The surface topography of the prepared samples was studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). To further confirm the chemical composition and binding energy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was employed.
Research Article
Environmental & Green Materials
Chee Kong Yap; Razeff Shardin B. Mat Rejab; Wan Hee Cheng; Krishnan Kumar; Hesham M. H. Zakaly; Hideo Okamura; Yoshifumi Horie; Moslem Sharifinia; Mehrzad Keshavarzifard; Abolfazl Naji; Mohamad Saupi Ismail; Meng Chuan Ong
Abstract
The intertidal clam, Glauconome virens, was collected in the northwestern portion of Peninsular Malaysia near Kuala Perlis, Sungai Layar, and Pantai Teluk Air Tawar. This research attempted to determine the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in the various G. virens’s organs. The Cd concentrations ...
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The intertidal clam, Glauconome virens, was collected in the northwestern portion of Peninsular Malaysia near Kuala Perlis, Sungai Layar, and Pantai Teluk Air Tawar. This research attempted to determine the cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations in the various G. virens’s organs. The Cd concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) in five distinct soft tissues ranged from 0.90 to 1.89, but the concentrations in shells ranged from 0.95 to 1.25. Pb concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) in the five distinct soft tissues ranged from 27.0 to 44.9, whereas shell concentrations ranged from 74.8 to 75.3. In general, the shell had more Pb than the soft tissue components. Future biomonitoring research on this type of clams should concentrate on certain tissues (such as the remainder, shell, and gill) to identify their potential as biomonitoring organs/materials. This biomonitoring study is of paramount importance to establish the intertidal clams as a good biomonitor under the umbrella of International Mussel Watch. Besides, establishment of such biomonitoring baseline data is important for future references and human health risk assessments.
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