Editorial
Environmental & Green Materials
Abstract
As the globe grapples with the accelerating shifts in climate patterns, the clarion call to address its repercussions resonates with newfound urgency. Now, at this pivotal moment in our shared history, humanity confronts unparalleled challenges. There has never been an urgent need for the world to come ...
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As the globe grapples with the accelerating shifts in climate patterns, the clarion call to address its repercussions resonates with newfound urgency. Now, at this pivotal moment in our shared history, humanity confronts unparalleled challenges. There has never been an urgent need for the world to come together on a sustainable, climate-neutral path. "Rolling Out a Climate-Neutral Future: Materials and Sustainable Innovations" which shed light on the topic and provided directions for building a greener tomorrow. Smart materials and ground-breaking breakthroughs are important in the journey towards this climate-neutral future. This book explores the many ways in which modern sustainable technology and materials science can be powerful tools to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), build a more resilient and equitable world, and mitigate the effects of climate change.
Review Article
Biosensors, Bioelectronics and Biodevices
Nidhi Patel; Rahul Dev Bairwan; H.P.S. Abdul Khalil; Mardiana Idayu Ahmad; Esam Bashir Yahya; Soni Thakur; Kanchan Jha
Abstract
The planet must deal with the two main concerns of the twenty-first century: energy storage and protecting the environment. Energy storage systems urgently require green and sustainable electrode materials due to the rise in worldwide demand for energy and severe environmental damage. The biopolymer-based ...
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The planet must deal with the two main concerns of the twenty-first century: energy storage and protecting the environment. Energy storage systems urgently require green and sustainable electrode materials due to the rise in worldwide demand for energy and severe environmental damage. The biopolymer-based device reduces e-waste and environmental issues caused by conventional electronic devices. Nanocellulose is a solid choice for green electronics, due to its unique properties, like being eco-friendly, cost effective, biodegradable, having great mechanical strength, and remarkable optical clarity. With its exceptional qualities, sustainability and distinctive structures, nanocellulose has become a hopeful nanomaterial with enormous potential for creating useful energy storage systems. This review aims to offer novel viewpoints on flexible composites made of nanocellulose or nanocellulose-based materials for enhanced energy technologies. Initially, a brief introduction to the special structural features and attributes of nanocellulose is made. To improve these composites’ performances, the structure-property-application interactions must be addressed. The most recent uses of nanocellulose-based composites are then thoroughly reviewed. These include flexible solar cells, supercapacitors (SC), lithium-ion batteries and developing energy device innovations. Finally, nanocellulose-based composites for the next generation of energy devices are offered, along with their current difficulties and potential future developments.
Review Article
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Sahariya Priya; Sakar Mohan; Adhigan Murali; R. Ramesh; Sung Soo Han
Abstract
3D-bioprinting is a new technology for creating precise computer-aided design and shape of any human organs, which has the potential to expedite wound coverage and closure. However, the development of complex tissues and organs in 3D printing is till at an infant stage, primarily due to several hurdles, ...
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3D-bioprinting is a new technology for creating precise computer-aided design and shape of any human organs, which has the potential to expedite wound coverage and closure. However, the development of complex tissues and organs in 3D printing is till at an infant stage, primarily due to several hurdles, such as optimization, biomechanical stability, and printing resolution. Collagen is natural polymer, which found abundantly in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and exhibit excellent biological properties. These collagen-based bio-inks can be tailored for different purposes, including wound healing, tissue engineering, organ transplantation and drug delivery systems. Until now, thermoplastic collagen/collagen bio-inks are limited to use in additive manufacturing (AM). The adaptation of thermoplastic collagen/ collagen bio-inks in AM techniques is therefore a great concern. The use of thermoplastic collagen and collagen-based bio-ink/powder in additive manufacturing can open up new applications in biomedical industries. In this context, this review summarizes the development of 3D bio-printing, its potential biomedical applications, and current challenges in the field.
Research Article
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Venâncio Alves Amaral; Juliana Ferreira de Souza; Thais Francine Ribeiro Alves; Fernando Batain; Kessi Marie de Moura Crescencio; Daniel Komatsu; Marco Vinicius Chaud
Abstract
The chemical processing of polymeric mixtures is a promising alternative for designing materials with new characteristics for biomedical applications. This work proposed to produce and characterize polymeric mixtures obtained using polyethylene glycol (PEG400 or PEG4000) with poly (L-co-D, L lactic acid)/PLDLA ...
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The chemical processing of polymeric mixtures is a promising alternative for designing materials with new characteristics for biomedical applications. This work proposed to produce and characterize polymeric mixtures obtained using polyethylene glycol (PEG400 or PEG4000) with poly (L-co-D, L lactic acid)/PLDLA for biomedical use. The mixtures were prepared by the casting method. Characterizations were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties (perforation, resilience, elastic modulus, plastic deformation, tensile strength and mucoadhesion) and in vitro biodisintegration studies. The results obtained by FTIR and DSC suggest that the chemical interactions that generate the mixtures between the polymers occurred through hydrogen bonds and/or dipole-dipole interactions. Chemical interactions created compounds that were more hydrophilic and had different rearrangements when using PEG400 or PEG4000 in the mixture. The mechanical tests showed changes in the resistance of the materials, highlighting the exponential value of plastic deformation of PLDLA/PEG400, significantly increasing the plasticity of this structure by 111-fold about PLDLA/PEG4000. In the biodisintegration study, after 120 hours, greater mass loss was observed for PLDLA/PEG4000 (68.82 ± 1.46%). Hydrolytic disintegration did not influence pH values, which remained between 7.34 and 7.41 during the study. In conclusion, these mixtures can provide valuable characteristics to produce a biocompatible biomedical device with properties to support tissue regeneration, where the issue of plastic deformation is necessary in collaboration with the formation of pores, after PEG dissolution in vivo.
Research Article
Sustainable Construction and Building Materials
Christiane Helbrecht; Robert Götzinger; Samuel Schabel
Abstract
An important advantage of paper composites is their sustainability. Natural fibers store CO2 during growth, they are recyclable and may be safely thermally recycled. In this work, composites out of laboratory paper and epoxy resin are generated in a hand lay-up process. The laboratory paper varies in ...
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An important advantage of paper composites is their sustainability. Natural fibers store CO2 during growth, they are recyclable and may be safely thermally recycled. In this work, composites out of laboratory paper and epoxy resin are generated in a hand lay-up process. The laboratory paper varies in the degree of fiber orientation. As a comparison, paper with isotropic fiber orientation is also used. The tensile strength for the isotropic paper composite is about 120 MPa. It can be observed that the tensile strength of the composite tends to increase with the increase of fiber orientation in the paper. The measured tensile strength of the oriented paper composites in the fiber direction is about 150 MPa and in cross fiber direction about 50 MPa. The strength characteristics are comparatively lower than for carbon or glass fiber reinforced composites, but the density of the paper composites investigated here is only about 1.26 g/cm3 and the raw material price is significantly lower making paper composites economically attractive. At the end, strength values are modeled with the rule of mixture as well as with Kröling's strength model. In conclusion, tensile strength of oriented paper composites are higher than of isotropic paper.
Research Article
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology
Huda Abdullah; Norshafadzila Mohammad Naim; Mohamad Aiman Arif Awang Omar; Jian Xian Kang; Iskandar Yahya; Noorfazila Kamal; Norazreen Abd Aziz; Atiqah Mohd Afdzaluddin; Noraziah Mohammad Zin; Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman; Wing Fen Yap
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly attractive for use in sensors for environmental and health monitoring. This study proposes a new approach in developing polymer-metal-based sensor for E. coli detection by using CNTs incorporation. PANI-SnO2 nanocomposite thin films were combined with CNTs to ...
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly attractive for use in sensors for environmental and health monitoring. This study proposes a new approach in developing polymer-metal-based sensor for E. coli detection by using CNTs incorporation. PANI-SnO2 nanocomposite thin films were combined with CNTs to be fabricated as biosensing devices. PANI-(SnO2)1-x-CNTx nanocomposite thin films were synthesized using sol-gel method and deposited on a glass substrate by spin coating technique. The prepared thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic field microscopy (AFM) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The sensitivity performance of PANI-(SnO2)1-x-CNTx nanocomposite thin films were conducted by using current-voltage (I-V) measurements. From the results, XRD patterns show the appearance of PANI, SnO2 and C peaks and the increasing crystallite size with the increasing of CNT concentration. FESEM images show the spherical shape of SnO2 and the nanotubes of carbon in the diameter size range 30 – 100 nm and 150 – 220 nm respectively. AFM analysis has found out the roughness parameter has increased when CNT percentage was increased. The peaks from UV-Vis absorbance bands indicated the presence of CNT and SnO2 at wavelength 270 nm and 370 nm respectively. From I-V measurement of the sensor, PANI-(SnO2)1-x-CNTx with x = 0.03 performed the highest sensitivity which is 16.32%. The results demonstrate that the increasing of CNT concentrations was increasing the sensitivity of PANI-(SnO2)1-x-CNTx thin films towards E. coli.
Review Article
Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology
Avadhesh Kumar Yadav
Abstract
Materials science is a fast developing field of research in which a lot of advancements have been reported in few decades. The progress in materials science is essential due to its wide range of applications in solid state fuel cells, display materials, solar cells, energy storage devices, automotive ...
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Materials science is a fast developing field of research in which a lot of advancements have been reported in few decades. The progress in materials science is essential due to its wide range of applications in solid state fuel cells, display materials, solar cells, energy storage devices, automotive sectors, electronics and environment, mechanical, medical & aerospace industries. Doping and substitutions in host materials are excellent ways of changing the properties of any materials. There are two main forms of materials, thin film and bulk, which are used in research. These two forms of materials are synthesized by two basic approaches, named as top-down and bottom-up. Bottom-up and top-down approaches are comprised of several synthesis methods, e.g., solid state reaction method, hydrothermal method, co-precipitation method, sol gel method, auto-combustion method, melt quench method, evaporation method, sputtering method, pulse laser deposition method, spin coating method and spray pyrolysis method. Each synthesis method has its unique procedure as well as merits and demerits. The solid state reaction route is one of the simplest synthesis method, which requires heating of the materials which were grounded for homogeneous mixing of the various oxide ingredients. The bulk and thin films at low reaction temperatures were prepared by sol-gel synthesis route which provides the high purity products. Co-precipitation method provides homogenous particle size which is a very energy efficient method. Thus, the synthesis method is an essential factor for materials science and nanotechnology research. The present article is an attempt to review the synthesis methods and their merits or demerits.
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