Neeraj Kumar; V. Sorna Gowri; Pushpesh Ranjan; Mohd. Abubakar Sadique; Shalu Yadav; Ayushi Singhal; Alka Mishra; S. Murali; Raju Khan
Abstract
Oral tumours are the sixth most incessant infection with high mortality and morbidity rates in human beings and they pose a serious threat worldwide owing to their soaring case-fatality rate and metastatic characteristics of spreading to other parts of the body. Nanomaterials as of late have become indispensable ...
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Oral tumours are the sixth most incessant infection with high mortality and morbidity rates in human beings and they pose a serious threat worldwide owing to their soaring case-fatality rate and metastatic characteristics of spreading to other parts of the body. Nanomaterials as of late have become indispensable components for biosensor platforms due to their fantastic mechanical, electronic, and optical properties. Specific emphasis is laid in this review on electrochemical biosensors working at the molecular levels, which can be classified into mainly three groups i.e., DNA biosensors, RNA biosensors, and protein biosensors as indicated by the type of the analytes. The carbon-based and non-carbon-based nanomaterials utilizing electrochemical procedures for recognizing oral cancer biomarkers are also reviewed. An extensive review has been made to cover ongoing advancements in the field of nanomaterials based as electrochemical biosensors. This study mostly sums up the significant electrochemical methods, the ongoing advancements of electrochemical technique-based biosensor frameworks for the discovery of oral cancer biomarkers. This effort aims to provide the reader with a concise view of new advances in areas on oral cancer biomarkers for electrochemical signal amplification and the innovative electroanalytical techniques which have been utilized in the miniaturization and integration of the sensors.
Sharad Kumar Upadhyay; L. K. Saini
Abstract
Motivated by recent studies in multilayer system of dielectric background, we analytically studied the coulomb drag effect in hetero-junction of GaAs system, which consist a non-homogeneous dielectric background. By considering the weak interaction in static case, the effective dielectric function is ...
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Motivated by recent studies in multilayer system of dielectric background, we analytically studied the coulomb drag effect in hetero-junction of GaAs system, which consist a non-homogeneous dielectric background. By considering the weak interaction in static case, the effective dielectric function is evaluated by using Random Phase Approximation (RPA) method as RPA is a reliable study for high density regime. The effective coulomb interaction cause of electron-electron interaction in the Boltzmann regime and at low temperature limit is considered. Dependency of layer separation is effectively described by local form factor has been taken into account in effective dielectric function, the local form factor is obtained from the solution of the Poisson equation of a three-layer dielectric medium with GaAs sheets. Drag resistivity is measured numerically and analytically, where temperature and density dependence are investigated and compared to 2DEG-2DEG double-layer structures theoretically and experimentally at very low temperature.
Thomas W. Krause; P. Ross Underhill
Abstract
Eddy current (EC) technology for inspection of conducting materials is a potential solution when conditions preclude the application of other methods. Such conditions include presence of sound absorbing coatings, unavailability of a couplant, multiple conducting layers with air gaps, limited access or ...
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Eddy current (EC) technology for inspection of conducting materials is a potential solution when conditions preclude the application of other methods. Such conditions include presence of sound absorbing coatings, unavailability of a couplant, multiple conducting layers with air gaps, limited access or near surface cladding. However, the choice of a particular EC technology may not be clear due to sources of electromagnetic interference, choice of probe design, target configuration or even available equipment. In addition, the choice of EC based technologies is extensive, including conventional EC, low frequency EC, remote field EC and pulsed EC. Each of these technologies has its own challenges and limitations, which need to be considered prior to a commitment to system development. Probe choice becomes a function of the particular technique that has been selected and may include ferrite core sensing coils, GMRs or eddy current coil array. Finally, EC signal analysis methods need to be selected based on effects of potentially multiple varying parameters. This paper examines the potential of electromagnetic inspection technology, discussing its limitations, effects of common essential parameters and analysis methodologies. Examples of recent technology applications are given and the benefits and limitations of various technologies are compared and discussed.
Francesca Fiorellino; Martina Pilloni; Andrea Ardu; Valentina Cabras; Stefano Columbu; Lisa Russo; Alessandra Scano; Guido Ennas
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of pyrolyzed carbon-supported transition metal/nitrogen (M–Nx/C) material based on FeCo alloy and Polypirrol as source of N atoms are presented. Two different synthetic protocols, a multi-step and a novel one pot single-step approach are compared. In both approaches ...
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The synthesis and characterization of pyrolyzed carbon-supported transition metal/nitrogen (M–Nx/C) material based on FeCo alloy and Polypirrol as source of N atoms are presented. Two different synthetic protocols, a multi-step and a novel one pot single-step approach are compared. In both approaches two different Fe:Co ratio (50:50 and 75:25) were used to obtain Pt-free FeCo-Polypyrrole nanocomposites supported on porous carbon (FeCo/Ppy@C). Structural and morphological characterizations of the samples before and after pyrolysis were carried out by using X-Ray Powder Diffracion, Infrared Spectroscopy and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. For both approaches, nanoparticles with a core shell structure but different size and matrix polidispersivity were observed after pyrolysis when a Fe:Co 50:50 ratio was used. Bigger nanoparticles were obtained after pyrolysis in the 75:25 ratio samples, with no significant differences between the two approaches. The electrocatalytical properties of the final samples, investigated by cyclic voltammetry in an acidic electrolyte, showed the presence of a cathodic current density.
Matias R. Lanfranconi; Vera A. Alvarez;Leandro N. Ludue
Abstract
In this work, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the crystallization behavior of nanocomposites based on polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced with organo-montmorillonite (C20A) and organo-bentonite (B-THBP) under non-isothermal conditions. The effect of clay content (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 ...
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In this work, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the crystallization behavior of nanocomposites based on polycaprolactone (PCL) reinforced with organo-montmorillonite (C20A) and organo-bentonite (B-THBP) under non-isothermal conditions. The effect of clay content (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 wt.%) was analysed. Linear and non-linear regression methods were used to calculate theoretical kinetic parameters. The study was focused on the correlation between the non-isothermal crystallization process and the morphology of the clay inside the PCL matrix. Continuous cooling transformation diagrams were obtained by means of a mathematical model that involves both induction and growth of the crystal during cooling. For the construction of these diagrams, both crystallization steps, crystals induction (analysed by the induction time equation) and growing (studied by a crystal growth model), were considered.
Jayaram Vishakantaiah; Gowtham Balasubramaniam
Abstract
A novel method of studying oxidation resistance and phase transformation of SiC fine powder was performed using multiple shock treatments in millisecond timescale using indigenously developed material shock tube (MST1). MST1 was used to produce shock waves which heat the ultra high pure oxygen test gas ...
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A novel method of studying oxidation resistance and phase transformation of SiC fine powder was performed using multiple shock treatments in millisecond timescale using indigenously developed material shock tube (MST1). MST1 was used to produce shock waves which heat the ultra high pure oxygen test gas to a reflected shock temperature and pressure of about 5300 K (estimated) and 25 bar, respectively for 1-2 milliseconds. Different characterization techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) show the formation of oxides and sub-oxide species after shock treatment. XRD studies shows the phase transformation of hexagonal SiC to amorphous SiO2. SEM and TEM micrographs show change in surface morphology of SiC from irregular shape to micro/nano spheres due to superheating and cooling at the rate of about 106 K/s. This novel method is used for the first time to demonstrate the behavior of material in presence of extreme aero-thermodynamic conditions for a short duration. These conditions generated using shock tubes are not achievable by conventional furnaces for oxidation studies of SiC in a short duration.
Taiki Yamate; Hiroshi Suzuki; Takayuki Fujiwara; Toru Yamaguchi; Motohiro Akazome
Abstract
Adhesion to chemically inert materials (CIM) through non-covalent interactions without surface modifications represents a formidable challenge in adhesion science. We report herein a rigid poly(acrylamide) bearing multiple benzene rings in its side chains that can strongly adhere to the chemically inert ...
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Adhesion to chemically inert materials (CIM) through non-covalent interactions without surface modifications represents a formidable challenge in adhesion science. We report herein a rigid poly(acrylamide) bearing multiple benzene rings in its side chains that can strongly adhere to the chemically inert surface of the polyolefin without the need for surface modifications. This adhesive is rationally designed based on our previous findings. The adhesion to polyolefin is triggered by the formation of multiple CH/p < /span> interactions at the macroscopic interface. The adhesion strength is far greater than that of adhesions using surface modifications or commercially available polyolefin adhesives. In this study, the adhesion mechanism is carefully analyzed by experimental and theoretical studies. We anticipate that this study could address the long-standing issue of achieving strong adhesion to CIMs without requiring surface modifications and pave the way for future research into the development of new adhesives for CIMs.
Tse-Wei Chen; Selvakumar Palanisamy; Shen-Ming Chen; Vijayalakshmi Velusamy; Hema Kalyani Ramasubbu; Sayee Kannan Ramaraj
Abstract
In the present work, we describe a simple electrochemical synthesis of CuO nanoflakes (CuO-NFs) using Cu-melamine complex. The as-prepared CuO nanoflakes was characterized by different physicochemical methods such as high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and elemental ...
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In the present work, we describe a simple electrochemical synthesis of CuO nanoflakes (CuO-NFs) using Cu-melamine complex. The as-prepared CuO nanoflakes was characterized by different physicochemical methods such as high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis and elemental mapping. The effect of different potential cycling towards the morphology of CuO-NFs was studied and discussed. Furthermore, CuO-NFs modified electrode was used as an electrocatalyst for oxidation of glucose in 0.1 M NaOH, and the observed electrochemical oxidation current of glucose was higher than CuNPs modified electrode. Amperometric i-t method was used for the determination of glucose using CuO-NFs modified electrode. Under optimal conditions, the amperometric i-t response of the sensor was linear over the glucose concentrations ranging from 1.0 µM to 1.445 mM with the detection limit of 0.35 µM. In addition, the selectivity of the sensor was tested in the presence of different potentially interfering compounds. The practicality of the sensor was also evaluated in human serum samples and shows acceptable recovery of glucose.
Sarita S Nair; D Kumar
Abstract
This work is supposed to expand the concept of solvent induced crystallisation of donor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer, to the photoactive blend of inverted organic solar cells. With the optimised concentration of cyclohexanone (CHN) co-solvent and ageing period of 2 h for the active layer precursor ...
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This work is supposed to expand the concept of solvent induced crystallisation of donor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer, to the photoactive blend of inverted organic solar cells. With the optimised concentration of cyclohexanone (CHN) co-solvent and ageing period of 2 h for the active layer precursor solution, the power conversion efficiency of a typical device increased to 3.09% compared with 2.77% efficiency achieved in a similar kind of inverted device without CHN modification. This improvement of 10% in the efficiency of inverted device with CHN addition was related to the increased current density and fill factor of the device. Increased P3HT crystallinity for efficient photo-absorption and commensurate vertical concentration gradient observed in the P3HT fractions of the blend for efficient hole transport is possibly responsible for the betterment of the photovoltaic parameters in the modified device.
N. Mykytenko; A. Kiv; D. Fuks
Abstract
A descriptor is constructed to predict the composition of ABO3 perovskites that do not contain transition metals and have a high level of ionic conductivity (s). The descriptor consists of two parts: the ratio of ionic radii, RA/RB and the ratio of ionization potentials, VB/VA for A- and B- cations. ...
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A descriptor is constructed to predict the composition of ABO3 perovskites that do not contain transition metals and have a high level of ionic conductivity (s). The descriptor consists of two parts: the ratio of ionic radii, RA/RB and the ratio of ionization potentials, VB/VA for A- and B- cations. Parameters for 100 perovskite compounds were considered to find the correlation dependences between the descriptor and the magnitude of s. Correlation selection approach is proposed to reveal a suitable correlation series. This approach allows determining the composition of perovskites that has a desirable ionic conductivity.
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