Biomaterials & Biodevices
Patrick Jahn; Samuel Schabel
Abstract
Packaging is essential for the global transport and storage of goods. However, due to the widespread use of non-biodegradable raw materials, it is a topic of environmental discussions. Paper plays an important role in the packaging sector due to the sustainability of the material, its outstanding flexibility ...
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Packaging is essential for the global transport and storage of goods. However, due to the widespread use of non-biodegradable raw materials, it is a topic of environmental discussions. Paper plays an important role in the packaging sector due to the sustainability of the material, its outstanding flexibility and its high specific strength. But paper also has disadvantages. Paper does not possess wet strength and does not provide barrier properties. These disadvantages have so far been overcome by creating coated paper, paper laminates or through the addition of substances during production. An alternative solution could be All-Cellulose Composites (ACC), which are composites completely made of cellulosic materials.Within the scope of this research short process times will be tested to determine if it is possible to achieve an increase in wet strength and barrier effect sufficient for packaging application. In addition, it will be investigated whether moist paper can be converted into ACC and to what extent the moisture content influences the resulting properties. The papers that will be converted are produced from bleached kraft pulp fibres (NBSK) on a Rapid Köthen sheet former. The conversion to ACC takes place via an immersion process. NaOH-urea is used as the solvent system, which is cooled to -12.5 °C. The tests show that a treatment period of just a few seconds is sufficient to significantly improve tensile and wet strength. It still needs to be clarified for what kind of technical applications the barrier properties achieved so far are suitable.
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Sahariya Priya; Sakar Mohan; Adhigan Murali; R. Ramesh; Sung Soo Han
Abstract
3D-bioprinting is a new technology for creating precise computer-aided design and shape of any human organs, which has the potential to expedite wound coverage and closure. However, the development of complex tissues and organs in 3D printing is till at an infant stage, primarily due to several hurdles, ...
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3D-bioprinting is a new technology for creating precise computer-aided design and shape of any human organs, which has the potential to expedite wound coverage and closure. However, the development of complex tissues and organs in 3D printing is till at an infant stage, primarily due to several hurdles, such as optimization, biomechanical stability, and printing resolution. Collagen is natural polymer, which found abundantly in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and exhibit excellent biological properties. These collagen-based bio-inks can be tailored for different purposes, including wound healing, tissue engineering, organ transplantation and drug delivery systems. Until now, thermoplastic collagen/collagen bio-inks are limited to use in additive manufacturing (AM). The adaptation of thermoplastic collagen/ collagen bio-inks in AM techniques is therefore a great concern. The use of thermoplastic collagen and collagen-based bio-ink/powder in additive manufacturing can open up new applications in biomedical industries. In this context, this review summarizes the development of 3D bio-printing, its potential biomedical applications, and current challenges in the field.
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Venâncio Alves Amaral; Juliana Ferreira de Souza; Thais Francine Ribeiro Alves; Fernando Batain; Kessi Marie de Moura Crescencio; Daniel Komatsu; Marco Vinicius Chaud
Abstract
The chemical processing of polymeric mixtures is a promising alternative for designing materials with new characteristics for biomedical applications. This work proposed to produce and characterize polymeric mixtures obtained using polyethylene glycol (PEG400 or PEG4000) with poly (L-co-D, L lactic acid)/PLDLA ...
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The chemical processing of polymeric mixtures is a promising alternative for designing materials with new characteristics for biomedical applications. This work proposed to produce and characterize polymeric mixtures obtained using polyethylene glycol (PEG400 or PEG4000) with poly (L-co-D, L lactic acid)/PLDLA for biomedical use. The mixtures were prepared by the casting method. Characterizations were performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties (perforation, resilience, elastic modulus, plastic deformation, tensile strength and mucoadhesion) and in vitro biodisintegration studies. The results obtained by FTIR and DSC suggest that the chemical interactions that generate the mixtures between the polymers occurred through hydrogen bonds and/or dipole-dipole interactions. Chemical interactions created compounds that were more hydrophilic and had different rearrangements when using PEG400 or PEG4000 in the mixture. The mechanical tests showed changes in the resistance of the materials, highlighting the exponential value of plastic deformation of PLDLA/PEG400, significantly increasing the plasticity of this structure by 111-fold about PLDLA/PEG4000. In the biodisintegration study, after 120 hours, greater mass loss was observed for PLDLA/PEG4000 (68.82 ± 1.46%). Hydrolytic disintegration did not influence pH values, which remained between 7.34 and 7.41 during the study. In conclusion, these mixtures can provide valuable characteristics to produce a biocompatible biomedical device with properties to support tissue regeneration, where the issue of plastic deformation is necessary in collaboration with the formation of pores, after PEG dissolution in vivo.
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Soni Thakur; Abdul Khalil H.P.S.; Rahul Dev Bairwan; Esam Bashir Yahya; Kanchan Jha; Azreen Syazril Adnan; Mohammad Rizwan Khan
Abstract
In recent times, there has been a significant increase in bone-related diseases, posing a pressing challenge in the field of medicine. While bone tissues possess a natural self-healing capability, severe injuries can lead to a loss of this regenerative potential. Traditional transplantation approaches, ...
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In recent times, there has been a significant increase in bone-related diseases, posing a pressing challenge in the field of medicine. While bone tissues possess a natural self-healing capability, severe injuries can lead to a loss of this regenerative potential. Traditional transplantation approaches, despite being billion-dollar industries, are riddled with issues such as a scarcity of organ donors, a high risk of infections, and post-transplant complications. To address this issue, tissue engineering has demonstrated to be a possible alternative for wound remodeling and organ transplantation. Recently, biopolymer-based aerogel has caught tremendous attention as a result of its exceptional qualities in the field of biomedical engineering. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the properties and recent research regarding the use of polysaccharides like chitosan, cellulose, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and starch-based aerogels in bone tissue engineering. It highlights the potential of these aerogels in addressing bone-related issues and discusses the obstacles and future prospects of polysaccharides in tissue engineering applications.
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Ayush Madan; Sanjeev Kumar; Syed Mohsin Waheed
Abstract
Hydrocarbon contamination is one of the major environmental problems due to oil spillage, automobile waste, and other industrial waste. Crude oil is the major source of energy for industrial, agricultural, and domestic use. Indian agriculture is largely dependent upon petroleum-driven technology for ...
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Hydrocarbon contamination is one of the major environmental problems due to oil spillage, automobile waste, and other industrial waste. Crude oil is the major source of energy for industrial, agricultural, and domestic use. Indian agriculture is largely dependent upon petroleum-driven technology for power generation, harvesting and post-harvest processing. Oil spillage occurs at oil wells and rigs during the drilling, production, refining, transport, and storage of petroleum. The release and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the environment is the main cause for concern due to the health hazards it poses to all forms of life and the environment. Commonly used approaches involve physical, biological, and chemical methods. Most of the technologies are expensive and not very efficient to deal with recalcitrant pollutants. The present study deals with the bioremediation of crude oil. The study involved the collection of surface soil of the spillage/contaminated area to isolate and identify the oil-degrading bacteria. Bacteria were isolated and grown on MSM-agar medium containing crude oil as a carbon source in Petri-dishes. The isolated strain of bacteria was effective in the biodegradation of oil in 28 days. The samples were analysed using GC-FID which demonstrated efficient degradation of oil by the isolated microbe. The hydrocarbon degraders were identified as Gram-negative cocci bacteria. The isolated bacteria could serve as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for microbial degradation of hydrocarbon pollutants in soil and water in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Kranthi Kumar M.V; Rudramadevi K
Abstract
Energy is required for life on Earth, and it is provided by the small organelles of cells called mitochondria, also referred to as the cell's powerhouses. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is grouped into several human mtDNA haplogroups, is frequently employed in population genetics to identify individuals ...
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Energy is required for life on Earth, and it is provided by the small organelles of cells called mitochondria, also referred to as the cell's powerhouses. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is grouped into several human mtDNA haplogroups, is frequently employed in population genetics to identify individuals or communities based on mutation sites found by comparison with the reference sequence (rCRS). Previous studies in various populations have connected particular mtDNA haplogroups and polymorphisms to a range of human disorders, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). In addition, a number of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms have been connected to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and an elevated risk of a number of malignancies, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in the Indian patients. As a result, we conducted a high-resolution assessment of the mtDNA hypervariable area in our study to trace distinct mtDNA haplogroup connections with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in south Indian communities. We discovered that mtDNA Haplogroup M was present in 60% of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and about 55% of the control samples examined. Haplogroup M is the most frequent mtDNA cluster observed in south Indian people. We further segmented macro haplogroup M and revealed sub haplogroups (M8, M7, M6, M5, M3, and M2) with variable frequencies. Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and haplogroup M5 were significantly associated, according to our research (p = 0.026). Haplogroup M5 was discovered in our study in 3.3 percent of control populations and 13% of south Indian T2DM patients. These results imply that Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is more likely to occur in haplogroup M5 individuals.
Biomaterials & Biodevices
Manuel Aparicio-Razo; José Luis Jr. Mongalo-Vázquez; J. A. Yáñez Ramos; Adolfo Navarro-Zárate; Víctor Hugo Santos-Enríquez; Israel Vivanco-Pérez; J. Flores Méndez; Genaro Alberto Paredes-Juárez
Abstract
This review article presents the biological and technological properties of biomaterials: titanium, polyetheretherketone, zirconium and Si3N4, focused on the application of dental implants. The methodology focused on examining different works related to the topics of biocompatibility, biofilm formation ...
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This review article presents the biological and technological properties of biomaterials: titanium, polyetheretherketone, zirconium and Si3N4, focused on the application of dental implants. The methodology focused on examining different works related to the topics of biocompatibility, biofilm formation and adhesion properties, fibroblast proliferation, bone resorption, peri-implant infection, osseointegration, histology, cytotoxicity, toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, hemocompatibility, vascularization, mechanical resistance and approval for use by the FDA. The results of the review show that all four biomaterials have favorable properties that can revolutionize implants, however, more studies are needed to confirm the results in the short and medium term.
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