Harbhajan Ahirwar; Himansu Sekhar Nanda
Abstract
The current research is aimed at design and 3D development of a degradable cylindrical mesh cage porous bioimplant for fixation to a segmental femur bone defect. The finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to obtain the bone-bioimplant interface deformation and stress generated. The cylindrical ...
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The current research is aimed at design and 3D development of a degradable cylindrical mesh cage porous bioimplant for fixation to a segmental femur bone defect. The finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to obtain the bone-bioimplant interface deformation and stress generated. The cylindrical mesh cage bioimplant was designed using a range of metallic biomaterials such as Magnesium (Mg) alloy (AZ31), Ti alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and Stainless Steel (SS316L). The FEA was carried out for bone-bioimplant assembly in static and dynamic conditions. FEA results demonstrated that the values of the interface von-mises stress for the AZ31 Mg-alloy based bioimplant could fall with in the clinical acceptable domain at which the stress sheilding issues could be avoided. The results further suggested that Mg-based bioimplants could be promising and better alternative for use as a porous scaffold for repair and regeneration of a segmental femur bone defect.
Kamel Chaari; Jamel Bouaziz; Khaled Bouzouita
Abstract
Biomedical porous fluorapatite scaffolds were fabricated using an improved polymeric sponge replication method. The specific formulations and distinct processing techniques such as the mixture of water and dispersant (Sodium TriPolyPhosphate) as solvent, the multiple coatings with the desired viscosity ...
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Biomedical porous fluorapatite scaffolds were fabricated using an improved polymeric sponge replication method. The specific formulations and distinct processing techniques such as the mixture of water and dispersant (Sodium TriPolyPhosphate) as solvent, the multiple coatings with the desired viscosity of the Fap slurries were duplicated from Chaari et al. [11]. The heat treatment was conducted in two stages: a delicate stage of polymeric structure degradation at 290 0 C and then at 600 0 C followed by a sintering stage at 1000 0 C for three hours. The obtained porous Fap scaffolds had uniform porous structures with completely interconnected macropores of 850 μm. In addition, micropores of 4 μm were formed in the skeleton of the scaffold. Finally, the porous Fap scaffold with a porosity of 65 vol.% and a surface of 400 mm 2 had a compressive strength of 7 MPa.
Jingan Li
Abstract
Biomedical field is developing towards advanced healthcare direction, including the regeneration and reconstruction of damaged tissues and organs, the restoration and enhancement of physiological functions, personalized and minimally invasive treatment, and early detection and diagnosis, etc. Traditional ...
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Biomedical field is developing towards advanced healthcare direction, including the regeneration and reconstruction of damaged tissues and organs, the restoration and enhancement of physiological functions, personalized and minimally invasive treatment, and early detection and diagnosis, etc. Traditional medical materials such as metal, macromolecule and bioceramics cannot meet the needs of rapid development of medicine.
Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman; Muhammad Aniq Barid Basri; Noordin Mohd Yusof; Ani Idris; Ehsan Fallahiarezoudar
Abstract
Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing process has been used with standard, commercially available ultra-high and tough (UHT) photopolymer resin to produce for various 3D parts. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) biopolymer has been used extensively in biomedicine due to its excellent performance in biocompatibility ...
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Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing process has been used with standard, commercially available ultra-high and tough (UHT) photopolymer resin to produce for various 3D parts. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) biopolymer has been used extensively in biomedicine due to its excellent performance in biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. However, it offers low mechanical strength. The inclusion of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles have been found to be able to increase the mechanical properties of TE scaffolds fabricated using a combination of processes. This study aims at exploring the possibility of using various mixtures which consists of different combinations UHT resin, PEG solution and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with the DLP 3D printer system. The effects of various quantities of mixtures were investigated in terms of their mechanical and biocompatibility properties with a view of producing TE scaffolds. The results from this study proves that the simpler, DLP 3D printer system can be used with a mixture of standard photopolymer and biopolymer resins, and nanoparticles. The addition of PEG and γ-Fe2O3 enhanced the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of the developed structure. Copyright © VBRI Press.
N. A. Al-Mobarak
Abstract
The corrosion resistance of titanium alloy, Ti–6Al–7Nb, was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The tests were done in Hank's solution ...
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The corrosion resistance of titanium alloy, Ti–6Al–7Nb, was investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), open circuit potential (OCP) measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The tests were done in Hank's solution at 37 o C for immersion periods expanded to 169 h. A high corrosion resistance was obtained for Ti–6Al–7Nb alloy in hank's solution due to the stable passive film formed on its surface. The EIS results indicated the presence of a single passive layer immediately after immersion. However, after 24 h of immersion in hank's solution, the EIS exhibited the presence of a bi-layered surface corresponding to an inner layer and an outer layer. Further, the film formed on the alloy after 169 h was confirmed by SEM and EDX analysis as calcium and phosphate may be due to apatite formation.
Abstract
Cartilage is an avascular connective tissue found in many locations in the body, such as, in the joints between the bones, rib cage, ear, nose and intervertebral discs. Cartilage plays a vital role in our body by working as a cushion between joints so that rubbing of bones against each other is prevented. ...
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Cartilage is an avascular connective tissue found in many locations in the body, such as, in the joints between the bones, rib cage, ear, nose and intervertebral discs. Cartilage plays a vital role in our body by working as a cushion between joints so that rubbing of bones against each other is prevented. It also holds some bones together, for instance, rib cartilage, and makes the area shock-proof. Cartilage is composed of single type of cells called chondrocytes. There are several diseases associated with cartilage, e.g., osteoarthritis, traumatic rupture of cartilage. These defects are not easy to repair as cartilage possesses limited self repair capacity due to the lack of a sufficient supply of healthy chondrocytes to the defective sites. Tissue engineered cartilage can serve as a lifelong treatment to such problems. Reconstruction of the cartilage can be achieved by use of appropriate cell source, scaffold, and growth factors. Development of a 3D cartilaginous skeleton have challenged the researchers for decades as the pursuit for suitable cell source, biomaterials and growth factor combination is not yet over. Various composite biomaterials and multiple growth factor approach are applied nowadays to regenerate cartilage. Stem cell has emerged as a potent source of cells for cartilage regeneration. This review highlightens the advances in cartilage tissue engineering by throwing light on cell sources, scaffold materials as well as on growth factors used so far in cartilage tissue engineering. It also reflects a range of problems and future perspectives to overcome the existing hurdles in cartilage regeneration. Copyright © 2011 VBRI press.
Murugan Ramalingam; Ashutosh Tiwari
Abstract
Development of functional tissues often requires spatially controlled growth of cells over 2D surfaces or 3D substrates to maintain their distinct cellular functions; particularly it is essential for culturing anchorage-dependent cells. In this regard, development of new surfaces/substrates with superior ...
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Development of functional tissues often requires spatially controlled growth of cells over 2D surfaces or 3D substrates to maintain their distinct cellular functions; particularly it is essential for culturing anchorage-dependent cells. In this regard, development of new surfaces/substrates with superior surface properties that could control the cell behavior is of great important and extremely necessary for functional tissue engineering as well as to study how the cells spatially recognize and interact with synthetic material systems. Surface patterning is an approach to modify the surface of biomaterials, either chemically or topographically. Both the approaches are well demonstrated in manipulating cell behaviors such as shape, size, orientation, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this article, we review various commonly employed methodologies for use in patterning of biomaterial surfaces/substrates and their suitability in controlling cell behaviors.
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