Biomaterials & Biodevices
Sahariya Priya; Sakar Mohan; Adhigan Murali; R. Ramesh; Sung Soo Han
Abstract
3D-bioprinting is a new technology for creating precise computer-aided design and shape of any human organs, which has the potential to expedite wound coverage and closure. However, the development of complex tissues and organs in 3D printing is till at an infant stage, primarily due to several hurdles, ...
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3D-bioprinting is a new technology for creating precise computer-aided design and shape of any human organs, which has the potential to expedite wound coverage and closure. However, the development of complex tissues and organs in 3D printing is till at an infant stage, primarily due to several hurdles, such as optimization, biomechanical stability, and printing resolution. Collagen is natural polymer, which found abundantly in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and exhibit excellent biological properties. These collagen-based bio-inks can be tailored for different purposes, including wound healing, tissue engineering, organ transplantation and drug delivery systems. Until now, thermoplastic collagen/collagen bio-inks are limited to use in additive manufacturing (AM). The adaptation of thermoplastic collagen/ collagen bio-inks in AM techniques is therefore a great concern. The use of thermoplastic collagen and collagen-based bio-ink/powder in additive manufacturing can open up new applications in biomedical industries. In this context, this review summarizes the development of 3D bio-printing, its potential biomedical applications, and current challenges in the field.
Hannah C. Wells; Hanan R. Kayed; Katie H. Sizeland; Susyn J.R Kelly; Melissa M. Basil-Jones; Richard L. Edmonds; Richard G. Haverkamp
Abstract
Collagen based soft materials are important as medical materials and as consumer products. Strength is a crucial parameter. A better understanding of the structural factors that contribute to strength is sought. Synchrotron based small angle X-ray scattering was used to characterize the collagen ...
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Collagen based soft materials are important as medical materials and as consumer products. Strength is a crucial parameter. A better understanding of the structural factors that contribute to strength is sought. Synchrotron based small angle X-ray scattering was used to characterize the collagen fibril structure and structural arrangement in a range of collagen based materials including leather, surgical scaffold materials and glutaraldehyde stabilized pericardium. Structure was compared with strength and was also characterized during strain. When collagen fibrils are orientated in a highly layered structure (with a high orientation index) the materials exhibit higher tear strength. This applies to leather, surgical scaffolds derived from dermis and pericardium. A more layered structure is found in stronger leather, and depends on the species of the source animal and processing conditions. For surgical scaffolds and stabilized pericardium stronger material is found also to have a more layered structure. In pericardium it is affected by the age of the source animal with younger animals having a more layered fibril arrangement in the pericardium. When collagen based soft materials are strained, the material responds first by a reorientation of the fibrils then by extension of individual fibrils, and this enables them to withstand high stresses.
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