Amar Velic; Alka Jaggessar; Senevirathne Wickramasooriya Mudiyanselage Amal Ishantha Senevirathne; Asha Mathew; Phani Kumari Paritala; Majedul Islam; Arpana Gopi Panicker; Karthika Prasad; Tejasri Yarlagadda; Kirsten Spann; Jafar Hasan; Prasad KDV Yarlagadda
Abstract
Since the advent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), various industrial sectors have been significantly affected. Considering the widespread threat of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, scientists worldwide have been working at a rapid pace to understand the virus, develop vaccines and find possible treatment ...
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Since the advent of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), various industrial sectors have been significantly affected. Considering the widespread threat of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, scientists worldwide have been working at a rapid pace to understand the virus, develop vaccines and find possible treatment options. Drastic public health measures such as social distancing, use of PPE, quarantine and complete lockdown have been implemented globally to minimize the spread of the virus. Whilst these measures currently seem the only plausible option, they come at the price of compromised economies. Though there are many collaterally affected industries, this review paper highlights current and forecasted changes in manufacturing, medical, climate change, energy and food processing sectors. Some of these sectors have been positively impacted, such as climate change, whilst others have experienced mixed consequences. Some also face an uphill rebuilding processes, which needs to begin sooner rather than later. This paper highlights important recent developments and perspectives on how industries may adapt and learn from COVID-19.
Alka Jaggessar; Prasad KDV Yarlagadda
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a widespread concern for the medical community. With the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria strains, research has begun to focus on developing bactericidal surfaces as a method of infection control, to reduce society’s dependence on antibiotics. Previous work in this area ...
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Bacterial infection is a widespread concern for the medical community. With the rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria strains, research has begun to focus on developing bactericidal surfaces as a method of infection control, to reduce society’s dependence on antibiotics. Previous work in this area has established hydrothermal synthesis as an effective method of fabricating bactericidal titanium dioxide nanostructures, with structure height statistically correlated to bactericidal efficiency. This study investigates the effect of NaOH concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on hydrothermally synthesized TiO2 nanostructures. Various TiO2 nanostructured surfaces, morphologies and dimensions were achieved by altering hydrothermal process conditions. This data was used to develop 3 models to predict nanostructure height, as a function of hydrothermal fabrication conditions. The three models are qualitatively validated using statistical data. These models provide a preliminary basis of modelling TiO2 nanostructure growth during hydrothermal synthesis. The findings of this study are significant for the designing of nanostructured surfaces for antibacterial applications, and users of the hydrothermal method for effective and efficient nanostructure fabrication.
Phani Kumari Paritala; Tejasri Yarlagadda; Jessica Benitez Mendieta; Jiaqiu Wang; YuanTong Gu; Zhiyong Li; Prasad K.D.V. Yarlagadda
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory CVD associated with the accumulation of plaque activated by the complex interactions between systemic, hemodynamic and biological factors. Thus, identification of plaque ...
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory CVD associated with the accumulation of plaque activated by the complex interactions between systemic, hemodynamic and biological factors. Thus, identification of plaque vulnerability is essential for the prevention of acute events and treatment of the disease. Despite, advanced imaging technologies, patient-specific computational simulations and availability of experimental data, there are still challenges in developing accurate risk stratification techniques. Therefore, this study aims to characterize the carotid plaque components structurally (histological analysis and immunostaining), mechanically (Nanoindentation tests) and chemically (Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) micro-spectroscopy). The preliminary results showed that arterial remodelling is a dynamic interaction between mechanical forces and plaque progression. The biological content and composition of human atherosclerotic plaque tissue have been shown to significantly influence the mechanical response of samples. This data represents a step towards an enhanced understanding of the behaviour of human atherosclerotic plaque. Future large-scale experimental studies with more cross-sections along the length of the plaque could be used to develop a risk stratification technique.
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