Energy Materials & Technology
Prateek Vasudeo Sawant; Mahadev Agatrao Parekar; Avadhut Vasudev Kardile; Yogesh B. Khollam; Latesh Khanderao Nikam; Ravindra Udayrao Mene
Abstract
This research explores the influence of hydrothermal reaction time on the structural, optical and morphological properties of TiO2 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanoparticles for the degradation of Methylene Blue is also evaluated and a co-relation between reaction time and photocatalytic ...
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This research explores the influence of hydrothermal reaction time on the structural, optical and morphological properties of TiO2 nanoparticles. The photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanoparticles for the degradation of Methylene Blue is also evaluated and a co-relation between reaction time and photocatalytic efficiency is established. Structural analysis reveals well-defined anatase phases with enhanced crystallinity at extended reaction times. UV-Visible spectroscopy demonstrates a red shift in absorption with increased reaction time, indicative of tuneable optical properties. FE-SEM images show an increase in particle agglomeration with increasing hydrothermal duration. Photocatalytic experiments underline TiO2-12 as the most efficient catalyst, achieving a remarkable 97% degradation within 105 minutes. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics model elucidates the reaction rate dependence on hydrothermal reaction time, emphasizing the role of synthesis parameters on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Moreover, TiO2-12 sample shows an enhanced degradation rate compared to other samples. Based on the findings, a possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue is proposed.
Energy Materials & Technology
Divya Bisen; Ashish Pratap Singh Chouhan
Abstract
Recently, the fuel crisis has been getting worse every day, impacting the economy of the society and the nation as well as aggravating the environmental imbalance by rising carbon levels and air pollution However, green and renewable bio-oil can provide a solution for affordable energy and environmental ...
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Recently, the fuel crisis has been getting worse every day, impacting the economy of the society and the nation as well as aggravating the environmental imbalance by rising carbon levels and air pollution However, green and renewable bio-oil can provide a solution for affordable energy and environmental safety but the drawbacks of bio-oil include its higher viscosity, polarity, high molecular weight due to the high oxygen content, tar content, acidity in nature, high molecular weight due to its high viscosity and moisture content. As a result, bio-oil cannot be used directly in engines or high energy applications and must be upgraded for those uses. This study concentrated on ways to enhance the quality of bio-oil utilizing physical and chemical upgrading techniques, including hydro-cracking, hydro-treatment, hydro-deoxygenation, esterification, emulsification, and steam reforming. The bio-oil industry and bio-oil-based research for the creation of clean energy fuel will both be solved by this study.
Environmental & Green Materials
Ashutosh Tiwari
Abstract
Climate change is evolving as the major concern of erratic weather conditions for example heavy rains, drought floods, landslides, soil erosion, tsunami, and extreme cold and warm weather, which severely impact the livelihoods of mankind. Attaining the substance by reducing carbon pollution and other ...
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Climate change is evolving as the major concern of erratic weather conditions for example heavy rains, drought floods, landslides, soil erosion, tsunami, and extreme cold and warm weather, which severely impact the livelihoods of mankind. Attaining the substance by reducing carbon pollution and other greenhouse gases is the best way to control climate change. Considering the suitable climate, habitat variation, and their adverse effects such as glaciers, heatwave, sea levels rise, etc., it is important to understand the climate control and framing combat policy as per the requirement of energy. Hydrogen is now established as a clean and flexible energy carrier. Europe and the other nations are progressively walking toward achieving the net-zero objective with the overview of clean hydrogen energy, which will ensure global sustainability faster.
Energy Materials & Technology
Shawqi Al Dallal; Khalil Ebrahim Jasim
Abstract
Third generation solar cells, such as dye and quantum dot sensitized solar cells are attracting attention of many research groups. In this investigation we explore the role of dye extract on the enhancement of the photovoltaic properties of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Lead sulfide quantum ...
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Third generation solar cells, such as dye and quantum dot sensitized solar cells are attracting attention of many research groups. In this investigation we explore the role of dye extract on the enhancement of the photovoltaic properties of quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). Lead sulfide quantum dots of different sizes have been used to sensitize a nanostructured titanium oxide electrode. We compare the open circuit voltage, the short circuit current, and power conversion efficiency of QDSSCs with the same quantities as obtained for dye-enhanced system using pomegranate dye extract. An open circuit voltage of 166 mV, a short circuit current of 0.1 mA, and an efficiency of 0.32% were obtained for 2.4 nm radius lead sulfide quantum dot sensitized solar cells. Using pomegranate dye extract reveals a considerable enhancement of the above characteristics. The combined dye-quantum dot system produces an open circuit voltage of 300 mV, a short circuit current of 0.55 mA, and an efficiency of 3.4%. For 3.2 nm radius QDs, the efficiency is substantially higher, reaching about 7%. A model describing the structure and processes leading to the above enhancement of the assembled solar cell characteristics is presented. In this model we explain the interplay between the transfer of electrons between the dye, quantum dots, and subsequent injection in the wide band gap titanium dioxide semiconductor.
Energy Materials & Technology
Vineet Kumar Singh
Abstract
In this paper, an n+-poly-silicon/p+-crystalline-silicon tunnel diode has been fabricated and characterized. The n+ poly-silicon layer is deposited by the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition method, while a diffusion furnace is used for boron diffusion in crystalline silicon. Scanning electron microscopy ...
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In this paper, an n+-poly-silicon/p+-crystalline-silicon tunnel diode has been fabricated and characterized. The n+ poly-silicon layer is deposited by the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition method, while a diffusion furnace is used for boron diffusion in crystalline silicon. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction pattern have been used for structural characterization. Hall measurement and current-voltage characteristics have been used for carrier density, mobility, current density, and contact resistance measurement. Hall measurement reveals the carrier density of ~1019 cm-3 in phosphorus-doped poly-silicon tunnel layer with mobility of ~5.4 cm2 V-1-s-1. The current-voltage characteristics of the tunnel diode show the current density of ~103 Ampere/cm2 at a voltage of 0.1 Volt. Using tunnel diode, an n+-poly-Si/p+-c-Si/n-c-Si/n+-c-Si structure has been fabricated for photovoltaic application. This structure generates a current density of ~17.9 mA/cm2 and a voltage of 601 mV for a 195±10 nm thick doped poly-silicon layer. Further, to improve the solar cell’s performance, a thin layer of poly-silicon has been used.
Energy Materials & Technology
Shivendra Pratap Ray; Sadanand .; Pooja Lohia; D. K. Dwivedi
Abstract
Due to the versatility, non-toxicity and earth abundancy of raw material, SnS has considered a very useful semiconductor material and the harvesting of photovoltaic energy from this kind of semiconductor material is comparatively easier than others since it is highly efficient and cost-effective. The ...
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Due to the versatility, non-toxicity and earth abundancy of raw material, SnS has considered a very useful semiconductor material and the harvesting of photovoltaic energy from this kind of semiconductor material is comparatively easier than others since it is highly efficient and cost-effective. The simulation of a unique combination of device structure (ITO/SnO2/SnS/NiO/Mo) has been done and found to be worthful. Past work is quite good but unable to achieve the standard of enhanced open-circuit voltage along with the power conversing efficiency as well. The use of Hole Transport Layer (HTL) has been remarkable too since surface recombination has fallen sharply. The PCE hiked by 25% to 27.62% regardless of it is practically unattainable but in reality, it will prove as a milestone in this area if and only if we are using HTL as well. The different HTL layer has been studied for the proposed device structure and elaborated well. For the benefit of mankind, it is completely low cost and useable along with quite good performance.
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