Muhammad Akbar Malik; Manas Sarkar; Moumita Maiti; Shilang Xu
Abstract
During the coal-burning process, fly ash is produced as a by-product and disposal of this vast waste material is becoming challenge in the current environmental scenario. In the present work, metal oxide V2O5 with different weights (3% and 5%) of fly ash was utilized in presence of alkaline activators ...
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During the coal-burning process, fly ash is produced as a by-product and disposal of this vast waste material is becoming challenge in the current environmental scenario. In the present work, metal oxide V2O5 with different weights (3% and 5%) of fly ash was utilized in presence of alkaline activators to lower the mullitization temperature below to 1000 o C for the development of new concrete approaches. The building composites were made by using sintered fly ash and alkaline activators at ambient temperature. The micro structural analysis (XRD, FESEM, EDX) of the composites reveals the formation of needle like nano sized mullite at 1000 o C. The durability and mechanical strengths tests including, compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, chloride ion permeability, water absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity were conducted on the composites specimens. The experimental tests confirm the better strength and enhanced durability properties of the newly formed building composites. The study suggested a new methodology to utilize the waste material fly ash with vanadium oxide as an alternative cementitious materials for advanced durable building composites.
T. Peter Amaladhas; S. Sheeba Thavamani
Abstract
A new route for the utilization of fly ash has been formulated. X-type zeolite has been synthesized from fly ash by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. Ascorbic acid was used as a ligand for the synthesis of metal complexes of copper, nickel and vanadium encapsulated in the super cages ...
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A new route for the utilization of fly ash has been formulated. X-type zeolite has been synthesized from fly ash by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. Ascorbic acid was used as a ligand for the synthesis of metal complexes of copper, nickel and vanadium encapsulated in the super cages of fly ash based zeolite (FAZ) by flexible ligand method and characterized by FTIR, XRD, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Ultra Violet–Visible spectroscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The additional peaks corresponding to that of the complex have been observed which confirms the loading of the metal complexes in the zeolite cavities. The shifting of C=C-O stretching frequency found at 682 cm -1 in ascorbic acid to 601 cm -1 confirms the co-ordination of the ligand resulting in the formation of the metal complex. The thermo grams show deflation in three regions corresponding to the loss of the intra-zeolite water, metal complexes and the structural –OH group respectively. The catalytic activity of these complexes towards the liquid phase hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide has been established. The extent of the reaction as a function of time has been investigated. Vanadium-ascorbate complex had the highest conversion of 78%. The product was identified as hydroquinol by GC-MS. This study reports a highly attractive catalytic method for the preparation of hydroquinol from phenol using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as the oxidising agent which is industrially significant.
T. Peter Amaladhas; S. Sheeba Thavamani
Abstract
Coal fly ash has been used to synthesize X-type zeolite by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized fly ash based zeolite (FAZ) has been characterized by various analytical techniques. Copper(II), Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) complexes of N,N 1 -ethylenebis (salicylamide) encapsulated ...
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Coal fly ash has been used to synthesize X-type zeolite by alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment. The synthesized fly ash based zeolite (FAZ) has been characterized by various analytical techniques. Copper(II), Nickel(II) and Zinc(II) complexes of N,N 1 -ethylenebis (salicylamide) encapsulated in the supercages of FAZ have been prepared by flexible ligand method and characterized by Fourier Transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), Ultra Violet – Visible spectroscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). These complexes have been found to catalyze the liquid phase hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide to yield catechol. It appears to be the first report of catalysis of metal complex encapsulated in fly ash based zeolite.