Functional Materials
Christianah Adebimpe Dare; Oluokun Oluboade Oyedapo
Abstract
This study explored the effect of fermentation on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides from seed coat of fermented and unfermented Annona squamosa seed. Fresh and ripe sugar apple fruits were collected from a tree in Ota-Efun, Osogbo, Nigeria (07o 32’ 30.2496” ...
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This study explored the effect of fermentation on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of polysaccharides from seed coat of fermented and unfermented Annona squamosa seed. Fresh and ripe sugar apple fruits were collected from a tree in Ota-Efun, Osogbo, Nigeria (07o 32’ 30.2496” N, 04o 31’ 41.7036” E) and their identities were verified at IFE Herbarium, Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo, University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The seeds were collected and divided into two portions: fermented and unfermented. The coats of both the fermented and unfermented seeds were defatted with n-hexane separately. Polysaccharides were extracted from the defatted samples using cold and hot water procedure according to standard methods to give fermented seed coat polysaccharides and unfermented seed coat polysaccharides. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the polysaccharides were investigated using standard methods. The reducing power, metal chelating, DPPH radical scavenging, inhibition of albumin denaturation, membrane stability potentials of the polysaccharides revealed the efficacy of the polysaccharides to take care of free radicals and maintain the integrity of the cell membrane and the fermented seed coat polysaccharide was the best. This study concluded that the polysaccharides from A. squamosa seed coat have great potential as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents to combat diseases related to oxidative stress, and fermentation enhanced the bioactivity of the polysaccharides.
Kinjal D. Shah; Ragini Singh; Sanjay Singh
Abstract
Owing to the autocatalytic antioxidant activity, cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeNPs) has been extensively used in biomedical fields for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, biosensing, and therapeutic applications. The redox-dependent interconversion between +3 and +4 oxidation states of CeNPs is suggested ...
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Owing to the autocatalytic antioxidant activity, cerium oxide nanoparticle (CeNPs) has been extensively used in biomedical fields for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, biosensing, and therapeutic applications. The redox-dependent interconversion between +3 and +4 oxidation states of CeNPs is suggested to be the reason of scavenging of free radical generated in the biological system. Herein we have explored the protective effect of CeNPs against the oxidative stress induced by organophosphate-based pesticide, 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP), in a normal human liver cell culture model (WRL-68). DDVP is known to cause the toxic effect in cells by inducing lipid peroxidation, cellular glutathione level depletion and DNA fragmentation by the caspase-dependent pathway. We followed the protection of cells by CeNPs against DDVP exposure using MTT and NRU assays. Exposure of DDVP to cells induced significant nuclear fragmentation, which could be avoided in cells pre-treated with CeNPs. Mechanistically, we observed that CeNPs induces an increase in cellular GSH level, which could assist in removal of excess of reactive oxygen species, generated in DDVP exposed cells, along with the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of CeNPs. The interaction study showed that there was no chemical interaction between DDVP and CeNPs, therefore, the intrinsic SOD-like activity of CeNPs was intact even in the complex cell culture media. Growing evidence suggest that excess use of DDVP could lead to the several diseases in cells/tissues, therefore our finding emphasizes that CeNPs can be used as a potent antioxidant agent to avoid the ramifications of DDVP and other commercial pesticides.
Ramovatar Meena; ;Paulraj R.; Ruchita Pal; Surya Narayan Pradhan; and Paulraj R.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the cyto and genotoxic effects of TiO2 and TiSiO4 nanoparticles on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). The cell viability, induction of oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis induction were assessed after 48 h of cell exposure to TiO2 and TiSiO4 nanoparticles separately. ...
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The aim of this study is to compare the cyto and genotoxic effects of TiO2 and TiSiO4 nanoparticles on human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293). The cell viability, induction of oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis induction were assessed after 48 h of cell exposure to TiO2 and TiSiO4 nanoparticles separately. Our results showed that nanoparticles induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by significant depletion of glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation. The cells exhibited apoptotic morphology like condensed chromatin and nuclear fragmentation after 48 h of treatment. Both the particles induce oxidative stress and DNA damage in a dose dependent manner. Oxidative stress is the underlying mechanism by which nanoparticle causes DNA damage and apoptosis. This study further indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles has more toxic effects than TiSiO4 nanoparticles on HEK cells, which demonstrate that larger size may be responsible for retardant of cellular uptake. This might be reducing the toxicity of TiSiO4 nanoparticles.